Migration Policy Institute (MPI) tabulation of the U.S. Census Bureau’s 1990 & 2000 Decennial Censuses and 2010–2023 American Community Surveys (ACS).
Limited English proficient (LEP) refers to people ages 5+ who speak a language other than English at home and reported speaking English less than “very well” (“well,” “not well,” or “not at all”) on the ACS.
Years shown here are 1990, 2000, 2010, 2019, and 2023. 2020 ACS data were experimental due to COVID-19 collection challenges and are not included.
ACS figures are estimates and subject to sampling and non-sampling error; they may not reflect the current patient mix of individual facilities. For operational decisions, rely on your organization’s most recent internal data. (Totals may not sum to 100% due to rounding.)
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Browse more valuable resources from Martti about language access, from data to calculators and more.
Explore county-level statistics about Limited English Proficient (LEP) populations in an interactive table.
Searchable trends showing each state’s share of the U.S. LEP population, 1990–2023.
See the percent of a state that is LEP via an interactive map and analyze differences across the U.S.
Interactive U.S. map of hearing disability prevalence by state using 2023 ACS data.
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